São Tomé and Príncipe

The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, isolated in the Gulf of Guinea, have evolved unique ecosystems with exceptional levels of endemism. These volcanic islands, never connected to mainland Africa, support rainforests from sea level to mountain peaks. The islands are biodiversity hotspots with species found nowhere else on Earth. The islands host 28 endemic bird species including the world's largest sunbird and smallest ibis. Endemic species include the São Tomé shrew (world's smallest mammal by weight) and numerous unique reptiles and amphibians. Primary forests contain hundreds of endemic plant species. Marine areas support sea turtles, dolphins, and seasonal humpback whales. Conservation follows community-based models with former hunters becoming guides and protectors. The Obo National Parks protect key habitats while buffer zones allow sustainable use. Shade-grown coffee and cocoa provide forest-friendly livelihoods. Small-scale ecotourism supports conservation without overwhelming local communities. The islands demonstrate successful conservation in small island developing states.

Water Features

Atlantic Ocean, streams, waterfalls

Ecosystem

This destination features a tropical rainforest ecosystem.